In Russia’s official narratives, the United States emerged from the Cold War determined to expand NATO to Russia’s borders, posing an existential threat to the Russian state. Historical records prove otherwise. Beginning with George H.W. Bush, successive American presidents, including Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, were convinced that cooperation with Russia was essential to international security and enacted policies to strengthen the U.S.-Russia relationship. For nearly two decades, this strategy produced meaningful cooperation as Russia and the United States cooperated in outer space, counterterrorism, and nuclear energy. This progress unraveled amid Vladimir Putin’s political evolution and the responses it provoked in Washington.

While today is starkly different from the 1990s, what lessons can be learned from this period of cooperation? Once there is a fair peace in Ukraine and Russia atones for the damage it has done, will it be worth resuming cooperation?

Join Rose Gottemoeller, a nonresident fellow in Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program and former deputy secretary general of NATO, for a conversation with Michele Keleman, diplomatic correspondent at NPR, to explore how Gottemoeller tackles these questions in her new book  Security Through Cooperation.